CentOS5.1上安装基于postfix的全功能邮件服务器

出处：5DMail.Net收集整理作者：5DMail.Net收集整理时间：2010-7-22 11:05:46

这个是参考cu上的贴来配置的过程，我看资料那么详细，我今天就好好测试一下。发现配置邮件服务器，是最全面的，不但你要配置lamp，还要bind，ssl，等于把我最近编译安装的软件，全部整合在一起了。如果测试通过，这个就当我学习linux21天的总结了。

一：试验环境介绍

软件：vmware workstation6.02
vm：创建一个redhat as5 vm，8g硬盘，删除软驱和声卡
主机名（hostname）:centos
ip：192.168.1.168
dns：192.168.1.1（配置完后，需要修改，指向192.168.1.168，修改/etc/resolv.conf),

邮件服务器的名字为mail.test.com

dns server:ns1.test.com
dns ip:192.168.1.168
ip：192.168.1.168
www.test.com 192.168.1.168
mail.test.com 192.168.1.168

系统采用centos5.1，采用最小化安装，所有的选项采用系统默认。

二：安装软件前准备

1：关闭无用的服务和selinux，需要重新启动才能生效

2：配置ssh，允许root登陆

3：配置yum，快速更新

4：把所有的软件上传到/usr/src目录下

5：通过yum安装gcc， gcc-c++

6：卸载sendmail (yum y remove sendmail)

7：重新启动机器，给系统做快照，后面每完成一项工作都给系统做一个快照

三：安装bind

安装bind

tar zxvf bind-9.4.2.tar.gz
cd bind-9.4.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/named && make && make install
groupadd bind
useradd -g bind -d /usr/local/named -s /sbin/nologin bind
cd /usr/local/named/etc
/usr/local/named/sbin/rndc-confgen > rndc.conf
cat rndc.conf > rndc.key
chmod 777 /usr/local/named/var
tail -10 rndc.conf | head -9 | sed s/#\ //g > named.conf

配置

1：编辑/usr/local/named/etc 目录下的named.conf 文件

vi named.conf
添加下面内容(

#################

options {
directory "/usr/local/named/var"; //域名文件存放的绝对路径
pid-file "named.pid"; //如果bind启动，自动会在/usr/local/named/var目录生成一个named.pid文件，打开文件就是named进程的ID
};

zone "." IN {
type hint; //根域名服务器
file "named.root"; //存放在//usr/local/named/var目录，文件名为named.root
};

zone "localhost" IN {
        type master;     //类型为主域名服务器
        file "localhost.zone"; //本地正向解析的文件
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;      //类型为主域名服务器
        file "named.local";   //本地反向解析的文件
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "test.com" IN {      //建立test.com域
        type master;
        file "test.zone";    //test.com域映射IP地址可在此文件编写
        allow-update { none; };
};

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" in {   //反向解析
        type master;
        file "test.local";              //存放反向解析的文件
        allow-update { none; };
};
########################

2：在/usr/local/named/var目录下，需要创建5个文件

cd /usr/local/named/var

1：named.root
dig @a.root-servers.net . ns > named.root

2：localhost.zone
##########
$TTL    86400
$ORIGIN localhost.
@                       1D IN SOA       @ root (
                                        42              ; serial (d. adams)
                                        3H              ; refresh
                                        15M             ; retry
                                        1W              ; expiry
                                        1D )            ; minimum

1D IN NS @
1D IN A 127.0.0.1
#############

3：named.local
###############
$TTL    86400
@       IN      SOA     localhost. root.localhost. (
                                      1997022700 ; Serial
                                      28800      ; Refresh
                                      14400      ; Retry
                                      3600000    ; Expire
                                      86400 )    ; Minimum
              IN      NS      localhost.

1 IN PTR localhost.
####################

4：test.zone
############

$TTL 86400      ; 1 day
@               IN      SOA     ns1.test.com.      root.test.com. (
                                2008050122 ; serial
                                28800      ; refresh (8 hours)
                                7200       ; retry (2 hours)
                                604800     ; expire (1 week)
                                86400      ; minimum (1 day)
                                )
                        NS      ns1.test.com.
                        A       192.168.1.168
                        MX      10 mail.test.com.
www                     A       192.168.1.168
mail        A      192.168.1.168
ns1        A      192.168.1.168

#########################
5：test.local
#############
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.test.com. root.test.com.(
20031001;
7200;
3600;
43200;
86400);
@ IN NS ns1.test.com.
168 IN PTR ns1.test.com.
##############

启动脚本

vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/named

#!/bin/bash
# named a network name service.
# chkconfig: 345 35 75
# deion: a name server

if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]
then
echo "ERROR:For bind to port 53,must run as root."
exit 1
fi
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -x /usr/local/named/sbin/named ]; then
/usr/local/named/sbin/named -c /usr/local/named/etc/named.conf -u bind && echo . && echo 'BIND9 server started'
fi
;;
stop)
kill `cat /usr/local/named/var/named.pid` && echo . && echo 'BIND9 server stopped'
;;
restart)
echo .
echo "Restart BIND9 server"
$0 stop
sleep 10
$0 start
;;
reload)
/usr/local/named/sbin/rndc reload
;;
status)
/usr/local/named/sbin/rndc status
;;
*)
echo "$0 start | stop | restart |reload |status"
;;
esac

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/named

chkconfig --add named

service named start

启动测试

/usr/local/named/sbin/named -g

你可以看到启动的过程，如果你的配置文件有错误，所以你可以根据这个排错

启动服务测试一下
/usr/local/named/sbin/named -c /usr/local/named/etc/named.conf -u bind &

四：安装ncurses-5.6

这个软件如果不安装，安装mysql的时候会报错，我把解压，编译，安装一行代码来安装。

tar zxvf ncurses-5.6.tar.gz && cd ncurses-5.6 && ./configure --prefix=/usr --with-shared --without-debug && make && make install && cd ..

五：安装mysql

tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.51a.tar.gz && cd mysql-5.0.51a && ./configure --with-mysqld-user=mysql --prefix=/usr/local/mysql5 --with-charset=gbk --with-extra-charset=all --without-isam --exec-prefix=/usr/local/mysql5 && make && make install

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
/usr/src/mysql-5.0.51a/s/mysql_install_db
cp /usr/local/mysql5/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/mysql5/var/my.cnf
cp /usr/local/mysql5/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on
chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql5/
service mysqld start
ln -s /usr/local/mysql5/bin/mysql /sbin/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql5/bin/mysqladmin /sbin/mysqladmin

配置库文件搜索路径
echo "/usr/local/mysql5/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v

添加/usr/local/mysql/bin到环境变量PATH中
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql5/bin

测试
netstat -nplt | grep mysql
ps aux|grep mysql

六：安装ZLIB2

如果不安装，等下编译安装openssl 就会报错，所以提前编译安装

tar zxvf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz && cd zlib-1.2.3 && ./configure && make && make install && cd ..

七：安装openssl

tar zxvf openssl-0.9.8g.tar.gz && cd openssl-0.9.8g && ./config shared zlib && make && make test && make install
mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.OFF
mv /usr/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl.OFF
rm /usr/lib/libssl.so
ln -s /usr/local/ssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
ln -s /usr/local/ssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
ln -sv /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so.0.9.8 /usr/lib/libssl.so

配置库文件搜索路径
echo "/usr/local/ssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v

检测安装结果
openssl version

八：安装安装sasl-2.1.22

tar zxvf cyrus-sasl-2.1.22.tar.gz && cd cyrus-sasl-2.1.22 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sasl2 --disable-gssapi --disable-anon --disable-sample --disable-digest --enable-plain --enable-login --enable-sql --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql5 -with-mysql-includes=/usr/local/mysql5/include/mysql --with-mysql-libs=/usr/local/mysql5/lib/mysql --with-authdaemond=/usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket && cp mac/libdes/public/des.h ./ && make && make install

关闭原有的sasl，并创建链接（这个地方我和原文有不同）postfix 2.3以后的版本会分别在/usr/local/lib和/usr/local/include中搜索sasl库文件及头文件，故还须将其链接至此目录中：

mv /usr/lib/sasl2 /usr/lib/sasl2.save
mv /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2 /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2.save
mv /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2.0.22 /usr/lib/libsasl2.so.2.0.22.save
ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/lib/* /usr/lib
ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/lib/* /usr/local/lib
ln -sv /usr/local/sasl2/include/sasl/* /usr/local/include

创建运行时需要的目录并调试启动
mkdir -pv /var/state/saslauthd
/usr/local/sasl2/sbin/saslauthd -a shadow pam -d

启动并测试
/usr/local/sasl2/sbin/saslauthd -a shadow pam

配置库文件搜索路径
echo "/usr/local/sasl2/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
echo "/usr/local/sasl2/lib/sasl2" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig -v

开机自动启动
echo "/usr/local/sasl2/sbin/saslauthd -a shadow pam">>/etc/rc.local

九：安装BerkeleyDB

tar zxvf db-4.5.20.tar.gz
cd db-4.5.20/build_unix
../dist/configure --prefix=/usr/local/BerkeleyDB

make && make install
ln -sv /usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include /usr/include/db4
ln -sv /usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include/db.h /usr/include/db.h
ln -sv /usr/local/BerkeleyDB/include/db_cxx.h /usr/include/db_cxx.h
echo "/usr/local/BerkeleyDB/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf

ldconfig

十：安装httpd-2.2.8

tar zxvf httpd-2.2.8.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-so --enable-ssl --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-track-vars --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --enable-mods-shared=most --enable-suexec --with-suexec-caller=daemon && make && make install

编辑httpd.conf
vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

DirectoryIndex index.html 改为
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm default.htm default.html index.php index.php3 index.jsp
#ServerName www.example.com:80 改为
ServerName www.example.com:80

加上下面两行
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

apache 开机启动
ln -s /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
vi /etc/init.d/httpd
在第三行添加以下内容
#chkconfig:345 85 15
#deion: Start and stops the Apache HTTP Server.

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
chkconfig --add httpd

十一：安装GD

1：安装PNG
##########libpng###########
tar zxvf libpng-1.2.26.tar.gz && cd libpng-1.2.26 && cp s/makefile.linux ./makefile && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng && make && make install

2：安装freetype
##########freetype#########
tar zxvf freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz && cd freetype-2.3.5 && ./configure && make && make install

3：安装JPEG6
#########jpeg###############
tar zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz && cd jpeg-6b && mkdir -pv /usr/local/jpeg/{,bin,lib,include,man/man1,man1} && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg --enable-shared --enable- static && make && make install

4：安装GD
########GD###########
tar zxvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz && cd gd-2.0.35 && ./configure --with-png --with-freetype --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg/
make && make install

十二：安装php

安装LIBXML2
#####libxml2 #####
tar zxvf libxml2-2.6.31.tar.gz && cd libxml2-2.6.31 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2 && make && make install && cp xml2-config /usr/bin && cd ..

安装libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz
#####libmcrypt-2.5.7 #####
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz && cd libmcrypt-2.5.7 && ./configure && make && make install && cd ..

安装PHP5.2.5
#########php-5.2.5##########
tar zxvf php-5.2.5.tar.gz && cd php-5.2.5 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5 --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql5 --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/include/freetype2 --with-zlib --with-png-dir=usr/local/libpng12 --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 --with-gd --enable-ftp --enable-sockets -enable-mbstring=all- --with-mcrypt --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql5/bin/mysql_config && make && make install && cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php5/lib/php.ini && cd

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